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TOPIC: operator<< with template class doesn't work
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/t/afc6312ea682b43b?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 10:12 am
From: Wolfnoliir

Hi,

I am trying to output a template class to 'cout' but my code doesn't
compile; here is gcc's error message:

/tmp/ccnNaceV.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to
`std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& operator<<
<char>(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&,
Sudoku<char>&)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

and here is the code:

157 template<class T>
158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
159 {
160 for (char i=0; i < s.size; i++)
161 {
162 for (char j=0; j < s.size; j++)
163 {
164 if ( s.is_true(i, j) && HAS_BOLD )
165 {
166 os << "\033[1m" << s.get(i,j) << "\033[0m\t";
167 }
168 else
169 os << s.matrix->at(i,j) << "\t";
170 }
171 os << "\n";
172 }
173 return os;
174 }
175
176 int main()
177 {
178 Sudoku<char> s;
179 //cout << s;
180 operator<<(cout, s);
181 return 0;
182 }

I have declared
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
in the template class Sudoku.

Thanks.

== 2 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 10:37 am
From: Victor Bazarov

Wolfnoliir wrote:
> [..] and here is the code:
>
> 157 template<class T>
> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
>
> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);

Read the two declarations carefully and see if you can notice any
difference[s].

V
--
Please remove capital 'A's when replying by e-mail
I do not respond to top-posted replies, please don't ask

== 3 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 10:39 am
From: Francesco

On 30 Ago, 19:12, Wolfnoliir <wolfnol...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I am trying to output a template class to 'cout' but my code doesn't
> compile; here is gcc's error message:
>
> /tmp/ccnNaceV.o: In function `main':
> main.cpp:(.text+0x6d): undefined reference to
> `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& operator<<
> <char>(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&,
> Sudoku<char>&)'
> collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
>
> and here is the code:
>
> 157 template<class T>
> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
> 159 {
> 160 for (char i=0; i < s.size; i++)
> 161 {
> 162 for (char j=0; j < s.size; j++)
> 163 {
> 164 if ( s.is_true(i, j) && HAS_BOLD )
> 165 {
> 166 os << "\033[1m" << s.get(i,j) << "\033[0m\t";
> 167 }
> 168 else
> 169 os << s.matrix->at(i,j) << "\t";
> 170 }
> 171 os << "\n";
> 172 }
> 173 return os;
> 174 }
> 175
> 176 int main()
> 177 {
> 178 Sudoku<char> s;
> 179 //cout << s;
> 180 operator<<(cout, s);
> 181 return 0;
> 182 }
>
> I have declared
> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
> in the template class Sudoku.
>
> Thanks.

Well, to be precise, it compiles. Your problem is that it doesn't
link. Please post sufficient, self contained code that reproduces the
same problem, so that people can copy, paste and test it to help you,
with reference to http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/how-to-post.html#faq-5.8

Cheers,
Francesco

== 4 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 10:58 am
From: Wolfnoliir

Victor Bazarov wrote:
> Wolfnoliir wrote:
>> [..] and here is the code:
>>
>> 157 template<class T>
>> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
>>
>> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
>
> Read the two declarations carefully and see if you can notice any
> difference[s].
>
> V

If you are talking about the T2 instead of T; I had to make that
change because to was already declared as the template class of
the Sudoku class so I had to change it.
I am quite shure this is not the origin of the problem.

but thanks.

== 5 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 11:02 am
From: Wolfnoliir

Francesco wrote:
> Well, to be precise, it compiles. Your problem is that it doesn't
> link. Please post sufficient, self contained code that reproduces the
> same problem, so that people can copy, paste and test it to help you,
> with reference to http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/how-to-post.html#faq-5.8
>
> Cheers,
> Francesco

compiled with
g++ main.cpp -o main -W -Wall

Here is the entire code:

#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>

#define HAS_BOLD 1

using namespace std;

template<class T> class SimpleMatrix
{
public:
SimpleMatrix(int x, int y) : sizex(x), sizey(y)
{
matrix = new T[x*y];

}
T& at(int x, int y)
{
assert( x < sizex );
assert( y < sizey );
return &matrix[x*sizey + sizex];
}
void set(int x, int y, T s)
{
assert( x < sizex );
assert( y < sizey );
this.at(x, y) = s;
}
void set_all(T s)
{
int size = sizex*sizey;
for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
{
matrix[i] = s;
}
}

private:
T *matrix;
int sizex;
int sizey;
};

template<class T> class Sudoku
{
template<class T2>
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
public:
Sudoku() : size(9)
{
matrix = new SimpleMatrix<T>(9,9);
truthMatrix = new SimpleMatrix<char>(9,9);

sqrtSize = (T)sqrt(size);
assert( (double)sqrtSize == sqrt(size) );

//T must be a signed type:
assert( (T)(-1) == (int)(-1) );
matrix->set_all(-1);
truthMatrix->set_all(0);
}

T get(T x, T y)
{
return *matrix->at(x,y);
}

char is_true(T x, T y)
{
return *truthMatrix->at(x,y);
}
char set(T x, T y, T s)
{
assert( x < size );
assert( y < size );

if ( !(is_true(x, y)) )
matrix->set(x, y, s);
else
return -1;
return 0;
}
void set_as_true(T x, T y, T s)
{
matrix->set(x, y, s);
truthMatrix->set(x, y, 1);
}

T get_section(T x)
//sections go from 1 to $size
{
return (T)ceil( (double)x / (double)sqrtSize );
}

T* test_coherence(T x, T y)
{
//check lines and columns:
for (T i=0; i < size; i++)
{
if ( matrix->at(i,y) == matrix->at(x,y) && &matrix->at(i,y) !=
&matrix->at(x,y) )
{
return &matrix->at(i,y);
}
else if ( matrix->at(x,i) == matrix->at(x,y) && &matrix->at(x,i) !=
&matrix->at(x,y) )
{
return &matrix->at(x,i);
}
}
//check submatrix:
T sx = get_section(x);
T sy = get_section(y);
T minx = (sx-1)*sqrtSize;
T miny = (sy-1)*sqrtSize;
T maxx = sx*sqrtSize;
T maxy = sy*sqrtSize;
for (T i=minx; i < maxx; i++)
{
for (T j=miny; j < maxy; j++)
{
if (matrix->at(i,j) == matrix->at(x,y) && &matrix->at(x,y) !=
&matrix->at(i,j))
{
return &matrix->at(i,j);
}
}
}
return (T)(-1);
}

private:
SimpleMatrix<T> *matrix;
SimpleMatrix<char> *truthMatrix;
T size;
T sqrtSize;

void set_matrix(T* matrix, T c)
{
for (T i=0; i < size; i++)
{
for (T j=0; j<size; j++)
{
matrix->at(i,j) = c;
}
}
}

};
/*
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Sudoku<T>& s)
{
return NULL;
}
*/

template<class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
{
for (char i=0; i < s.size; i++)
{
for (char j=0; j < s.size; j++)
{
if ( s.is_true(i, j) && HAS_BOLD )
{
os << "\033[1m" << s.get(i,j) << "\033[0m\t";
}
else
os << s.matrix->at(i,j) << "\t";
}
os << "\n";
}
return os;
}

int main()
{
Sudoku<char> s;
//cout << s;
operator<<(cout, s);
return 0;
}

== 6 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 11:32 am
From: Jerry Coffin

In article <4a9abdb8$0$31038$426a74cc@news.free.fr>,
wolfnoliir@gmail.com says...
>
> Victor Bazarov wrote:
> > Wolfnoliir wrote:
> >> [..] and here is the code:
> >>
> >> 157 template<class T>
> >> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
> >>
> >> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
> >
> > Read the two declarations carefully and see if you can notice any
> > difference[s].
> >
> > V
>
> If you are talking about the T2 instead of T; I had to make that
> change because to was already declared as the template class of
> the Sudoku class so I had to change it.
> I am quite shure this is not the origin of the problem.

Look at it again, and see if you don't see another difference -- a
word (a keyword) that's present in one, but not the other...

--
Later,
Jerry.

== 7 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 11:51 am
From: Wolfnoliir

Jerry Coffin wrote:
> In article <4a9abdb8$0$31038$426a74cc@news.free.fr>,
> wolfnoliir@gmail.com says...
>> Victor Bazarov wrote:
>>> Wolfnoliir wrote:
>>>> [..] and here is the code:
>>>>
>>>> 157 template<class T>
>>>> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
>>>>
>>>> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
>>> Read the two declarations carefully and see if you can notice any
>>> difference[s].
>>>
>>> V
>> If you are talking about the T2 instead of T; I had to make that
>> change because to was already declared as the template class of
>> the Sudoku class so I had to change it.
>> I am quite shure this is not the origin of the problem.
>
> Look at it again, and see if you don't see another difference -- a
> word (a keyword) that's present in one, but not the other...
>

I indeed forgot the 'const'. That was a pretty stupid mistake.
I think I can now solve my problem by adding a few other 'const's
that I forgot.

Thank you.

== 8 of 8 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 12:00 pm
From: Francesco

On 30 Ago, 20:51, Wolfnoliir <wolfnol...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Jerry Coffin wrote:
> > In article <4a9abdb8$0$31038$426a7...@news.free.fr>,
> > wolfnol...@gmail.com says...
> >> Victor Bazarov wrote:
> >>> Wolfnoliir wrote:
> >>>> [..] and here is the code:
>
> >>>> 157 template<class T>
> >>>> 158 ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sudoku<T>& s)
>
> >>>> friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Sudoku<T2>& s);
> >>> Read the two declarations carefully and see if you can notice any
> >>> difference[s].
>
> >>> V
> >> If you are talking about the T2 instead of T; I had to make that
> >> change because to was already declared as the template class of
> >> the Sudoku class so I had to change it.
> >> I am quite shure this is not the origin of the problem.
>
> > Look at it again, and see if you don't see another difference -- a
> > word (a keyword) that's present in one, but not the other...
>
> I indeed forgot the 'const'. That was a pretty stupid mistake.
> I think I can now solve my problem by adding a few other 'const's
> that I forgot.
>
> Thank you.

Fine, now that you have solved that issue, please note that there are
several other points you can fix/improve:
- the C-style casts
- the use of #define
- the possible memory leak due to your use of operator new
- the test for signed types (use the functions found in <limits>
instead)

Refer to the FAQ I linked and you'll find solutions to most of your
issues, along with their rationales.

Keep improving your code,
cheers,
Francesco

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TOPIC: Weird warning about data type range
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.c++/t/c0fda54bd4ba1f60?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 11:27 am
From: Jerry Coffin

In article <ad7ec9cc-6e85-4d12-8ebf-6072d20e2617
@z4g2000prh.googlegroups.com>, digital_puer@hotmail.com says...
>
> Thanks for everyone's help.
>
> What I am really trying to do is to test if
> characters in a std::string are alphanumeric
> characters in the Latin-1 encoding. I have
> the following:
>
>
> #define IS_ALPHANUMERIC(x) ( \
> ((x) >= 48 && (x) <= 57 ) || \
> ((x) >= 65 && (x) <= 90 ) || \
> ((x) >= 97 && (x) <= 122) || \
> ((x) >= 192 && (x) <= 214) || \
> ((x) >= 216 && (x) <= 246) || \
> ((x) >= 248 && (x) <= 255) )
>
> string s = getLatin1Text();
> int len = s.size();
> for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
> {
> if (! IS_ALPHANUMERIC(s.at(i)))
> {
> ...
> }
> }

If I had to do this, I think I'd use something like this:

#include <climits>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

struct alphanumeric_table {
std::vector<bool> table;
public:
#define elements(r) (sizeof(r)/sizeof(r[0]))

alphanumeric_table() : table(UCHAR_MAX+2, false) {
static const int ranges[] = {
48, 57,
65, 90,
97, 122,
192, 214,
216, 246,
248, 255
};

for (int i=0; i<elements(ranges); i+=2)
std::fill(table.begin()+ranges[i]+1,
table.begin()+ranges[i+1]+2,
true);
}

bool operator[](int n) { return table[unsigned char(n+1)]; }
} alpha_table;

inline bool is_alphanumeric(int n) {
return alpha_table[n];
}

This assumes that EOF is -1. Technically this isn't required (any
negative value is allowed) but it's extremely common -- to the point
that I'm not sure I've ever seen or heard of it actually having any
other value. In any case, the reason for the "+1"in most places is to
get a range from 0 through the maximum, so we can use it directly as
an index into the vector.

--
Later,
Jerry.

== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 3:31 pm
From: Digital Puer

On Aug 30, 11:27 am, Jerry Coffin <jerryvcof...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> In article <ad7ec9cc-6e85-4d12-8ebf-6072d20e2617
> @z4g2000prh.googlegroups.com>, digital_p...@hotmail.com says...
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> > Thanks for everyone's help.
>
> > What I am really trying to do is to test if
> > characters in a std::string are alphanumeric
> > characters in the Latin-1 encoding. I have
> > the following:
>
> > #define IS_ALPHANUMERIC(x) ( \
> > ((x) >= 48 && (x) <= 57 ) || \
> > ((x) >= 65 && (x) <= 90 ) || \
> > ((x) >= 97 && (x) <= 122) || \
> > ((x) >= 192 && (x) <= 214) || \
> > ((x) >= 216 && (x) <= 246) || \
> > ((x) >= 248 && (x) <= 255) )
>
> > string s = getLatin1Text();
> > int len = s.size();
> > for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
> > {
> > if (! IS_ALPHANUMERIC(s.at(i)))
> > {
> > ...
> > }
> > }
>
> If I had to do this, I think I'd use something like this:
>
> #include <climits>
> #include <vector>
> #include <algorithm>
>
> struct alphanumeric_table {
> std::vector<bool> table;
> public:
> #define elements(r) (sizeof(r)/sizeof(r[0]))
>
> alphanumeric_table() : table(UCHAR_MAX+2, false) {
> static const int ranges[] = {
> 48, 57,
> 65, 90,
> 97, 122,
> 192, 214,
> 216, 246,
> 248, 255
> };
>
> for (int i=0; i<elements(ranges); i+=2)
> std::fill(table.begin()+ranges[i]+1,
> table.begin()+ranges[i+1]+2,
> true);
> }
>
> bool operator[](int n) { return table[unsigned char(n+1)]; }
>
> } alpha_table;
>
> inline bool is_alphanumeric(int n) {
> return alpha_table[n];
>
> }
>
> This assumes that EOF is -1. Technically this isn't required (any
> negative value is allowed) but it's extremely common -- to the point
> that I'm not sure I've ever seen or heard of it actually having any
> other value. In any case, the reason for the "+1"in most places is to
> get a range from 0 through the maximum, so we can use it directly as
> an index into the vector.
>
> --
> Later,
> Jerry.

Thanks. This is great. A self-contained class like
this is much better than my #define macro. It's also
faster since the lookup is immediate rather than
through a bunch of if-in-range statements.

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== 1 of 1 ==
Date: Sun, Aug 30 2009 11:29 am
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